by President George Washingtonl
Friday, January 8, 1790
FELLOW CITIZENS Of the SENATE, and HOUSE of REPRESENTATIVES,
I EMBRACE with great satisfaction the opportunity, which now presents itself,
of congratulating you on the present favourable prospects of our public affairs.
The recent accession of the important state of Northcarolina to the Constitution
of the United States (of which official information has been received)--- the
ruling credit and respectability of our country--- the general and increasing
good will towards the government of the union, and the concord, peace and
plenty, with which we are blessed, are circumstances auspicious, in an excellent
degree, to our national prosperity.
n reforming your consultations for the general good, you cannot but derive
encouragement from the reflection, the measures of the last session have been as
satisfactory to your constituents as the novelty and difficulty of the work
allowed you to hope.-- Still further to realize their expectations, and to
secure the blessings which a gracious Providence has placed within our reach,
will in the course of the present important session, call for the cool and
deliberate exertion of your patriotism, firmness and wisdom.
Among the many interesting objects which will engage your attention, that of
providing for the common defence will merit particular regard. To be prepared
for war is one of the most effectual means of preserving peace.
A free people ought not only to be armed but disciplined; to which end a
uniform and well digested plan is requisite: And their safety and interest
require that they should promote such manufactories, as tend to render them
independent on others, for essential, particularly for military supplies.
The proper establishment of the troops which may be deemed indispensable,
will be entitled to mature consideration. In the arrangement which will be made
respecting it, it will be of importance to conciliate the comfortable support of
the officers and soldiers with a due regard to economy.
There was reason to hope, the pacifick measures adopted with regard to
certain hostile tribes of Indians, would have relieved the inhabitants of our
southern and western frontiers from their depredations. But you will perceive,
from the information contained in the papers, which I shall direct to be laid
before you, (comprehending a communication from the Commonwealth of Virginia)
that we ought to be prepared to afford protection to those parts of the Union;
and, if necessary, to punish aggressors.
The interests of the United States require, that our intercourse with other
nations should be facilitated by such provisions as will enable me to fulfill my
duty, in that respect, in the manner which circumstances may render most
conducive to the publick good: And to this end, that the compensations to be
made to the persons who may be employed, should, according to the nature of
their appointments, be defined by law; and a competent fund designated for
defraying the expenses incident to the conduct of our foreign affairs.
Various considerations also render it expedient, that the terms on which
foreigners may be admitted to the rights of Citizens, should be speedily
ascertained by a uniform rule of naturalization.
Uniformity in the currency, weights and measures of the United States, is an
object of great importance, and will, I am persuaded, be duly attended to.
The advancement of agriculture, commerce and manufactures, by all proper
means, will not, I trust, need recommendation. But I cannot forbear intimating
to you the expediency of giving effectual encouragement as well to the
introduction of new and useful inventions from abroad, as to the exertions of
skill and genius in producing them at home; and of facilitating the intercourse
between the distant parts of our country by a due attention to the Post Office
and Post Roads.
Nor am I less persuaded, that you will agree with me in opinion, that there
is nothing which can better deserve your patronage, than the promotion of
Science and Literature. Knowledge is in every country the surest basis of
publick happiness. In one, in which the measures of government receive their
impression so immediately from the sense of the community, as in our's, it is
proportionately essential. To the security of a free Constitution it contributes
in various ways: By convincing those who are entrusted with the publick
administration, that every valuable end of government is best answered by the
enlightened confidence of the people: And by teaching the people themselves to
know, and to value their own rights; to discern and provide against invasions of
them; to distinguish between oppression and the necessary exercise of lawful
authority; between burthens proceeding from a disregard to their convenience,
and those resulting from the inevitable exigencies of society; to discriminate
the spirit of liberty from that of licentiousness, cherishing the first,
avoiding the last, and uniting a speedy, but temperate vigilance against
encroachments, with an inviolable respect to the laws.
Whether this desirable object will be best promoted by affording aids to
seminaries of learning already established, by the institution of a national
university, or by any other expedients, will be well worthy of a place in the
deliberations of the Legislature.
Gentlemen of the House of Representatives,
I SAW with peculiar pleasure, at the close of the last session, the
resolution entered into by you, expressive of your opinion, that an adequate
provision for the support of the publick credit, is a matter of high importance
to the national honour and prosperity.-- In this sentiment, I entirely concur.--
And to a perfect confidence in your best endeavors to devise such a provision as
will be truly consistent with the end, I add an equal reliance on the cheerful
cooperation of the other branch of the Legislature.-- It would be superfluous to
specify inducements to a measure in which the character and permanent interests
of the United States so obviously and so deeply concerned; and which has
received so explicit a sanction from your declaration.
Gentlemen of the Senate, and House of Representatives,
I HAVE directed the proper officers to lay before you respectively such
papers and estimates as regards the affairs particularly recommended to your
consideration, and necessary to convey to you that information of the state of
the union, which it is my duty to afford.
The welfare of our country is the great object to which our cares and efforts
ought to be directed.-- And I shall derive great satisfaction from a cooperation
with you, in the pleasing though arduous task of ensuring to our fellow citizens
the blessings which they have a right to expect, from a free and equal
government.
